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Were Most 19th-Century Ballerinas Sex Workers?

EDITORIAL FEATURES

Unpacking the Truth: 19th-Century Ballerinas and Exploitation

Dear reader, when you think of 19th-century ballerinas and exploitation, you might picture them twirling gracefully on stage in beautiful tutus. However, the reality for many was quite different. Behind the glamour and applause, a darker side existed where numerous ballerinas were subjected to sexual exploitation. Today, we’re diving into the question: Were most 19th-century ballerinas sex workers?

In the 1800s, ballet was a popular form of entertainment, especially among wealthy audiences. Ballerinas were not just performers; they were often considered the stars of the show. However, the life of a ballerina was less glamorous than it seemed. According to a piece on History.com, many young ballerinas in the Paris Opera Ballet turned to relationships with powerful men to secure financial support, leading them into a troubling environment where favors were often expected in return.

 

Let’s face it: being a ballerina did not guarantee a stable income. Many dancers struggled to make ends meet with ticket sales alone and even experienced malnutrition. This is especially true for younger dancers known as “petits rats,” who still had to endure years of military-style training and brutal exams before they were considered real ballerinas. This financial struggle drove some ballerinas to seek out wealthy patrons—men who could support them in exchange for companionship and sometimes more. These men were known as “abbonés,” meaning “subscriber.” For these women, the art of ballet often meant navigating complex relationships where sexual favors could lead to better opportunities.

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For many ballerinas, success in their careers came with strings attached. Accepting advances from influential men often felt like the only way to climb the ranks in a competitive environment. Those who rejected these advances risked losing chances for roles or financial assistance. It created a harsh reality where some dancers felt they had to sacrifice their dignity for success, blurring the lines between their craft and exploitation. This system wasn’t just a rare occurrence; it was common enough to become a troubling part of ballet culture.

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Ballerinas 1

Image Credit: MetArt

 

As we consider this dark chapter in ballet history, it's important to remember that not all ballerinas engaged in sex work. Many were dedicated artists firmly focused on their craft. However, we cannot ignore the uncomfortable reality of those forced into compromising situations for their careers. As the 19th century progressed, attitudes toward women and their rights began to shift, but the legacy of exploitation cast a long shadow. The change didn’t happen overnight; it required cultural shifts and brave voices standing up for women's rights and safety in the arts.

So, dear reader, as we peel back the layers of history, we find that the story of 19th-century ballerinas and exploitation was not just about grace and beauty—it also included hardship and survival. Many dancers faced pressures that led them to enter relationships laden with expectations and exploitation. Understanding this history allows us to appreciate better the struggles women faced—not only in the past but even today—as they seek acknowledgment and respect in the arts.


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